Publications and Software

General information on Copper

Sixty Centuries of Copper
This book by B Webster Smith replaces a publication first issued by Copper Development Association in 1934. Like the original work, Copper Through the Ages, the present volume is intended for the reader who is interested in the general history of copper mining, the development of metal-working processes and the uses of copper through the past six thousand years.

Pub 54 Beryllium Copper
This booklet focuses on the properties, applications and practical manipulation of copper beryllium and covers precipitation hardening, to which beryllium copper owes its high strength and hardness. 1996. 49pp.

Pub 94 Equilibrium Diagrams
Industrially important copper alloy systems are discussed in terms of the relationship between their microstructure and properties and the relevant equilibrium diagram. 1993. 36pp.

Microstructures of Copper and Copper Alloys
Photo micrographs of commercially important and/or metallurgically interesting copper and copper alloys and processings (on the CDA Inc site).

Pub 106 Corrosion Resistance of Copper and Copper Alloys
This large table gives information on the suitability of copper and copper alloys with many different chemicals. Data is given for copper, brass, copper nickel, aluminium bronze and gunmetals at three temperatures: 20^oC, 60^oC and 100^oC . The table shows when specific materials can and cannot be used with the chemicals giving an indication of corrosion resistance. 5pp.

Pub 120 Copper and Copper Alloys - Compositions, Applications and Properties
Tables of BS EN series of standards with ranges of compositions and properties for coppers and copper alloys and equivalent old British Standard materials. (Revision of TN10). 2004, 26pp.

Copper Key
Online software giving chemical composition of copper alloys worldwide, their material designation and national standard. It automatically gives equivalent materials from international, European and other national standards and enables chemical compositions to be compared (on the DKI - German Copper Centre - site).

CDA Inc Technical Reference Library
The US Copper Development Association provides access to its Technical Reference Library free of charge in an effort to increase knowledge and awareness of copper, related technologies, and the role of copper in the environment.

Pub 121 Copper – The Vital Metal
An illustrated introduction to the history, metallurgy, production, and applications of copper and copper alloys. (Revision of Book 1). 1998, 42pp.

Pub 152 Copper - Bringing Quality Home
Useful book outlining the many uses of copper around the home. 2004. 12pp.

Pub 191 The Friendly Metal - What does copper do for me?
Cartoon leaflet, aimed at school children, highlighting the role of copper in our daily lives. 2007. 8pp.

Copper in Numbers
One pager giving some significant numbers on copper and its applications. 2007.

CD5 Copper - The Vital Metal
KS3 and KS4 Chemistry, Physics and Biology on CD (from www.schoolscience.co.uk). 2003.

P7 Copper - The Vital Metal
A2 poster highlighting copper's key role in technology, energy and health, and its recyclability.

Aluminium Bronze and Phosphor Bronze

Pub 40 CW451k PB102 Data Sheet
Contains physical and mechanical properties of wrought 5% tin phosphor bronze, PB102. 1969. 12pp.

Pub 80 Aluminium Bronze Corrosion Resistance Guide
Survey of published and other information relating to aluminium bronzes in a number of environments. Recommendations are made for materials suitable for many applications. 1981. 30pp.

Pub 81 Designing Aluminium Bronze Castings
Reprint of an article published in ‘Engineering’ August 1982 (Tech file 116). The advantages of aluminium bronze casting alloys are discussed with advice on how various design criteria affect casting quality. 1983. 22pp.

Pub 82 Aluminium Bronze Alloys Technical Data
Physical and mechanical properties at low, ambient and elevated temperatures are provided for wrought and cast aluminium bronze alloys. 1981. 93pp.

Pub 83 Aluminium Bronze Alloys for Industry
Describes the properties, applications and fabrication of aluminium bronze alloys. 1986. 24pp.

Pub 85 Welding Aluminium Bronze
Describes the essential features of good welding practice in relation to the aluminium bronze alloys. 1980. 12pp.

Pub 86 Aluminium Bronze. Essential for Industry
Illustrated 8-page leaflet highlighting the main attributes of the important aluminium bronzes including selection criteria, properties, corrosion resistance, welding and machining. 1989. 16pp.

Pub 106 Corrosion Resistance of Copper and Copper Alloys
This large table gives information on the suitability of copper and copper alloys with many different chemicals. Data is given for copper, brass, copper nickel, aluminium bronze and gunmetals at three temperatures: 20^oC, 60^oC and 100^oC . The table shows when specific materials can and cannot be used with the chemicals giving an indication of corrosion resistance. 5pp.

Pub 115 Aluminium Bronze with Cast Stainless Steels and Ni-resist in
Offshore Seawater Environments
This report has collated data comparing the properties of cast nickel aluminium bronze (NAB), in particular NES 747 Part 2, with cast standard and super austenitic and duplex stainless steels and Ni-Resist for use in offshore sea water applications. Properties compared are physical, mechanical and fabrication but the bulk of the work has related to the corrosion aspects of the materials. 1996. 22pp.

Pub 126 Resistance to Wear of Aluminium Bronzes
A chapter from Harry Meigh's book 'Cast and Wrought Aluminium Bronzes Properties, Processes and Structure' describing resistance to wear of aluminium bronze alloys. It also gives details of factors affecting wear and information on alloy selection.

Pub 206 Copper Alloys in Marine Environments
This new technical publication focuses on the properties and corrosion resistance of a wide range of copper alloys used for seawater service.  Alloys described range from commercial grades of copper through copper nickels, bronze,  brass, and copper beryllium.  It allows the reader not only to understand potential types of corrosion mechanisms for the different alloy types, but also how to avoid them. 2011. 33pp.

Cast and Wrought Aluminium Bronzes by Harry Meigh
This book, commissioned by Copper Development Association, is intended to bring up to date the information contained in the standard reference work by P J Macken and A A Smith, published in 1966. The book contains much valuable new material on the metallurgy of aluminium bronzes and the composition and manufacturing conditions required to ensure reliable corrosion resistance. There are chapters on alloying elements, physical properties, casting processes and the properties of castings, manufacture and design of castings and much more. 1999. 434pp.

TN12 Copper Alloy Spring Materials
The purpose of this technical note is to set out basic data on the copper alloys used in the form of strip and wire for springs, in order to assist the designer and user to prepare designs of optimum efficiency and economy. 22pp. 1973. Out of print.

D2 Copper-Nickels & Aluminium Bronzes (Datadisk)
This disk contains two completely separate databases describing these two groups of materials that each have significant engineering applications because of their strength combined with excellent corrosion resistance. Each database has a significant textural content describing the key attributes of the alloys and the ways in which they can be selected for use. Compositions and mechanical properties are fully tabulated for each material. The effect of time or temperature on many properties can be viewed either in tables or as graphs. Information is derived from publications Nos 30, 31, 80, 82 and 85. 1991.

Antimicrobial Copper

Pub 180 - Copper Touch Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities - Naturally Antimicrobial
CDA leaflet summarising latest research into activation of MRSA by copper and looking at potential touch surface applications in healthcare facilities. 2005. 2pp.

Pub 182 - Naturally Antimicrobial Alloys for Touch Surfaces
CDA leaflet summarising how years of research show that copper alloys can begin to stop the growth of microbes on contact and can swiftly and effectively eliminate them. 2005. 4pp.

Pub 189 - Lowering Infection Rates in Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities
Overview of copper's potential role in fighting hospital-acquired infections. Contains information on copper's antimicrobial efficacy, general properties and essential role in human, animal and plant health. 2007. 24pp

Pub 195 - Antimicrobial Copper: The Scientific Evidence
Brochure providing an overview of the scientific evidence to support the replacement of frequently touched equipment and fittings in the clinical environment with those incorporating copper to reduce contamination and risk of infection. Includes the first published Selly Oak Clinical Trial results. February 2009. 4pp.

Pub 196 - Reducing the Risk of Healthcare Associated Infections - The Role of Copper Touch Surfaces
A referenced report summarising the scientific evidence on the antimicrobial efficacy of copper and copper alloys in the laboratory and clinical environment. Also provides an introduction to practical implementation of copper touch surfaces in healthcare facilities. January 2010. 12pp.

Pub 197 - Antimicrobial Efficacy of Copper and Copper Alloys - Meticillin-resistant
Staphylococcus Aureus
Short summary of efficacy of copper and copper alloys against MRSA and EMRSA at room and chill temperatures with kill curves for both exceptionally high and typical microbial challenges.

Pub 198 - The Benefits of Designing with Antimicrobial Copper Alloys
Introductory brochure for architects and designers providing an overview of how to harness the inherent antimicrobial property of copper to design out infection in critical environments such as hospitals and care homes, where touch surfaces can act as reservoirs for dangerous germs. (August 2009)

Pub 200 - Comparing Antimicrobial Efficacy of Copper and Silver for Interior Touch Surface
Applications
Silver and copper have been used for their antimicrobial properties for centuries. This one page summary reports on how a study published in Letters in Applied Microbiology answers the question of whether these applications work under real-life conditions. October 2009, 1pp.

Pub 201 - Antimicrobial Copper - FAQs
A brochure answering frequently asked questions regarding antimicrobial copper. Updated January 2012, 8pp.

Pub 202 - Practical Aspects of Reducing Bioburden with Copper: Clinical Case Study: Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham
There is now substantial scientific evidence to support the replacement of frequently touched equipment and fittings in the clinical environment with those incorporating copper to reduce contamination and therefore reduce the risk of infection. The Copper Clinical Trial, conducted on a busy medical ward at Selly Oak Hospital, demonstrated a 90-100% reduction in contamination on coppercontaining vs standard surfaces. The experience of fitting out the test ward with a full range of copper-containing products has made a major contribution to the understanding of the practical application of the science. October 2009, 4pp.

Pub 203 - Antimicrobial Copper - Introducing a New Category of Touch Surface Material
Introductory brochure for infection control professionals outlining the antimicrobial efficacy, key characteristics and healthcare applications of Antimicrobial Copper, proven to continuously reduce surface contamination in clinical environments and therefore offering an additional measure to help reduce the risk from pathogenic microbes. May 2010, 16pp.

Pub 204 - The Potential Role of Antimicrobial Copper in Food Processing Applications
Copper is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against arange of pathogens threatening public health today, whether theyare foodborne, airborne, waterborne or transmitted by touch. Recent science shows that copper has an intrinsic ability to rapidlyinactivate dangerous foodborne pathogens (including E. coliO157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenesandSalmonella enteritidis)at both refrigerated and room temperature.Copper and copper alloys could therefore help to reduce the incidence of cross-contamination in food processing facilities. May 2010, 2pp.

Pub 205 - Antimicrobial Copper - Introducing a New Category of Touch Surface Material (for Architects and Designers)
Introductory brochure for architects and designers outlining the antimicrobial efficacy, key characteristics and healthcare applications for Antimicrobial Copper, proven to continuously reduce surface contamination in clinical environments and therefore offering an additional measure to help reduce the risk from pathogenic microbes. Provides an overview of properties and cost-effective manufacturing plus Antimicrobial Copper brand values and explains how the Cu+ mark signifies that an item bearing it is made from the most effective antimicrobial touch surface material: copper. June 2010, 16pp.

Pub 208 - Reducing the Risk of Healthcare-Associated Infections: Deployment of Antimicrobial Copper Touch Surfaces in Hospital ICUs
Brochure prepared for the World Health Organisation's 1st International Conference on Infection Prevention and Control (ICPIC) 2011, highlighting the first clinical trial to demonstrate that replacement of key touch surface components leads to reduced infections in patients. Also features the latest work on copper's antimicrobial efficacy mechanism., 4pp, 2011.

Pub 910 - Hygienic Copper Touch Surfaces - Specifiers Guide
This Guide is under development but the door furniture specifications are available below providing guidance on dimensions, alloys and finishing.
A1-4 Architectural Ironmongery

Brass

IS 36 Dezincification Resistant Brass
Copper and copper alloy tube and fittings are the preferred materials for use in water distribution systems in buildings because of the ease of installation they afford and the reliability of the installed system. In some areas of the UK, however, the presence of otherwise harmless impurities in the potable water makes it aggressive to duplex brass producing a form of attack known as dezincification.

Pub 71 The Nickel Silvers
Copper-nickels are silver/white coloured copper alloys with varying additions of zinc and nickel. This publication gives information on, amongst other topics, mechanical properties, typical applications, joining techniques, heat treatment, fabrication and surface finishing.

Pub 89 Architectural Brass
Highlights the durable and decorative qualities of brass when used for both internal and external architectural applications. Well illustrated with examples of modern usage. 1991. 8pp.

Pub 106 Corrosion Resistance of Copper and Copper Alloys
This large table gives information on the suitability of copper and copper alloys with many different chemicals. Data is given for copper, brass, copper nickel, aluminium bronze and gunmetals at three temperatures: 20^oC, 60^oC and 100^oC . The table shows when specific materials can and cannot be used with the chemicals giving an indication of corrosion resistance. 5pp.

Pub 117 The Brasses - Properties & Applications
Compositions and properties of standard brasses in wrought and cast condition, together with details of BS and European Standards, forms available, fabrication methods and examples of typical applications. 2005. 64pp.

Pub 133 Design in Brass
Describes briefly the many British Standard wrought and cast brasses available. Gives example case histories of applications and machinability comparisons. 1998. 8pp.

Pub 177 Brass in focus
Brasses are versatile and cost-effective materials, ideal for designing complex and long lasting components. Article by Ken Kempson in May/June 2004 issue of Engineering Designer, 2004, 4pp.

TN12 Copper Alloy Spring Materials
The purpose of this technical note is to set out basic data on the copper alloys used in the form of strip and wire for springs, in order to assist the designer and user to prepare designs of optimum efficiency and economy. 22pp. 1973. Out of print.

TN26 Brasses, Nickel Brass and Nickel Silver - Technical Data
These data sheets, prepared by the International Copper Development Council (CIDEC), were originally published 1968 - 1972. They contain an invaluable summary of data relating to the physical and mechanical properties of the materials at low, ambient and elevated temperatures which is not available elsewhere. Tensile, hardness, impact, creep and fatigue data have been abstracted from the relevant original literature.

D7 Properties and Availability (Datadisk)
This disk lists all the brasses and nickel silvers commonly available in Europe together with their compositions and properties. Near equivalents are indicated and the differences are highlighted. Besides the properties normally specified, the disk includes data on long-term properties above and below ambient temperature and in fatigue conditions. 1994.

D9 Component Costing Comparator (Datadisk)
This interactive program enables engineers and designers to quickly estimate the cost of machined components in brass and other materials and to calculate the savings to be made by machining in brass.

CD3 Design in Brass
This CD is an aid to designing cost-effective and recyclable brass components. It contains PowerPoint presentations for practising and undergraduate designers and engineers covering types of brass, production techniques and case studies.

Copper-Nickel

Pub 30 Copper-Nickel Alloys, Properties and Applications
Details of the composition and properties of the 90/10 and 70/30 copper-nickel alloys are given, together with examples of their applications. 1982. 40pp.

Pub 31 Copper-Nickel 90/10 and 70/30 Alloys, Technical Data
Physical and mechanical properties of the two most commonly encountered copper-nickel alloy types are presented. 1982. 32pp.

Pub 36 Use of Copper-Nickel Cladding on Ships and Boat Hulls
Description of the use of copper-nickel cladding resistant to corrosion and marine biofouling and its economic advantages. 1985. 16pp.

Pub 37 Copper-Nickel Cladding for Offshore Structures
The cost savings available when copper-nickel cladding is used to prevent corrosion and marine biofouling are significant. This publication details how they can be achieved. 1986. 16pp.

Pub 38 Materials for Seawater Pipeline Systems
Gives reasons for choice of 90/10 copper-nickel alloy in preference to other materials for many applications. 1986. 16pp.

IS 49 Copper-Nickel Brake Tubing in the Automotive Industry
CDA Information Sheet on the use of copper-nickel for brake tubing in the automotive industry. 1990. 14pp.

Pub 106 Corrosion Resistance of Copper and Copper Alloys
This large table gives information on the suitability of copper and copper alloys with many different chemicals. Data is given for copper, brass, copper nickel, aluminium bronze and gunmetals at three temperatures: 20^oC, 60^oC and 100^oC . The table shows when specific materials can and cannot be used with the chemicals giving an indication of corrosion resistance. 5pp.

Pub 118 90/10 Copper-Nickel
A four page leaflet highlighting the unique properties of the copper-nickel alloys when used in seawater environments. 1997. 10pp.

Pub 139 Copper-Nickel Fabrication
This publication provides an informed understanding of the two primary copper-nickel alloys to allow good fabrication and good operational practices. Topics covered include general engineering properties of 90/10 and 70/30 copper-nickels, welding and fabrication practices, a basic overview of corrosion and biofouling resisting properties and sources of further information. 1999. 34pp.

Pub 157 Preventing Biofouling with Copper Alloys
Long term protection against biofouling on marine structures and boat hulls can be afforded by copper-nickel in the form of sheet or as a variety of composite products; hence avoiding costly removal of fouling by mechanical means or periodic re-application of anti-fouling paints. 2002. 4pp.

Pub 206 Copper Alloys in Marine Environments
This new technical publication focuses on the properties and corrosion resistance of a wide range of copper alloys used for seawater service.  Alloys described range from commercial grades of copper through copper nickels, bronze,  brass, and copper beryllium.  It allows the reader not only to understand potential types of corrosion mechanisms for the different alloy types, but also how to avoid them. 2011. 33pp.

CD8 Copy of Copper-Nickel Website www.coppernickel.org
This CD contains a copy of the copper-nickel website (as at January 2005) which discusses the composition, physical and mechanical properties of each alloy, and their suitability to particular applications. Applicable standards (EN, ASTM and ISO) are identified for all product forms, along with thorough information on welding and fabrication.

D2 Copper-Nickels & Aluminium Bronzes (Datadisk)
This disk contains two completely separate databases describing these two groups of materials that each have significant engineering applications because of their strength combined with excellent corrosion resistance. Each database has a significant textural content describing the key attributes of the alloys and the ways in which they can be selected for use. Compositions and mechanical properties are fully tabulated for each material. The effect of time or temperature on many properties can be viewed either in tables or as graphs. Information is derived from publications Nos 30, 31, 80, 82 and 85. 1991.

Copper in Architecture

Pub 143 Copper in Architecture Awards 7
Details of winning entries in Copper in Architecture Awards 7. 1999. 6pp. Out of Print

Pub 146 Copper in Architecture Awards 8
Details of winning entries in Copper in Architecture Awards 8. 2000. 6pp. Out of Print

Pub 154 The Guide to Copper in Architecture
Background information on all aspects of copper sheet used for roofing, cladding and other architectural applications. It includes the latest comprehensive information on environmental issues resulting from extensive European research. It examines sources, recycling and characteristics of copper and its cost-effectiveness for roofing and cladding. Design issues are explored including copper’s suitability for virtually any three-dimensional shapes, development of its distinctive natural patina and the diversity of factory finishes available today. February 2006. 20pp.

Pub 156 Copper Roofing - In Detail
Technical information on designing and installing fully supported sheet copper roofing in accordance with current good practice. The details illustrated will meet most of the conditions likely to be encountered. If unusual design situations arise, the principles shown should help in devising a solution. 2002. 120pp.

Pub 158 Copper in Architecture Awards 10
Details of winning entries in Copper in Architecture Awards 10. 2002. 8pp. Out of Print

Pub 175 Copper in Architecture Awards 11
Details of winning entries in Copper in Architecture Awards 11. 2003. 8pp Out of Print

Pub 181 Copper in Architecture Awards 12
Details of winning entries in Copper in Architecture Awards 12 2005. 12pp.

Pub 194 Copper in Architecture Awards 13
Details of winning entries in Copper in Architecture Awards 13 2007. 20pp.

Pub 199 Copper in Architecture Awards 14
Details of winning entries in Copper in Architecture Awards 14 2009. 12pp.

Pub 209 Copper in Architecture Awards 15
Details of winning entries in Copper in Architecture Awards 15 2010. 12pp

Electrical Energy

Power Quality and Utilisation Guide
The Power Quality and Utilisation Guide is a unique 8 section reference source providing not only background theory, but also the whole range of solutions from industry. The Guide now has an extended scope to include DG, RES and Energy Efficiency.

Pub 22 - Copper for Busbars
Comprehensive guide to electrical, mechanical and thermal stress considerations in the design of A.C. and D.C. busbar systems. 3rd edition, fully metricated and updated. 1996. 64pp.

TN 23 Copper for Contacts
Copper is present in nearly all electrical contact applications, either in the material of the contacts themselves, as a backing material, or in the construction of the contact carrier connections and terminals of the switch contact assembly. This publication looks at the properties required for contact materials, and to identify those applications in which copper or copper alloys have special advantages. 1980. 22pp.

TN 27 High Conductivity Coppers for Electrical Engineering
These data sheets, prepared by the International Copper Development Council (CIDEC), were originally published in a series during the period 1968 - 1972 and cover all the main coppers and copper alloys. They contain an invaluable summary of data relating to the physical and mechanical properties of the materials at low, ambient and elevated temperatures which is not available elsewhere. Tensile, hardness, impact, creep and fatigue data have been abstracted from the relevant original literature.

Pub 116 Electrical Energy Efficiency
Lifetime running costs must be taken into account when designing electrical installations or selecting replacement cables, motors and transformers. Both financial appraisal and technical consideration of electrical energy efficiency of motors, cables, busbars and transformers, with actual case histories showing savings to be made can be found in this book. 1997. 120pp.

Pub 119 Earthing Practice
A reliable earthing system is vital today more than ever before, not only for safety in the event of a fault but to carry the earth leakage currents generated by the ever increasing amount of electronic equipment in use. This book explains the reasons for earthing systems, legislation and includes chapters on corrosion resistance and the properties of copper. 1997. 108pp.

Pub 122 High Conductivity Coppers for Electrical Engineering
This booklet describes the way in which coppers of all types have been developed and improved to meet the design requirements of electrical engineers. The materials described are the commercially pure coppers, low alloy coppers and the copper alloys with good elevated temperature properties used for special purposes. Revision of publication 29 with BS EN standards and the old BS equivalents given. 1998 40pp.

Pub 123 Electrical Design – a Good Practice Guide
This book is concerned with the design of electrical installations in buildings with particular reference to the growing incidence of power quality problems and energy efficiency considerations. It presents good practice design solutions to reduce the impact of power quality problems and explains how electrical efficiency can be improved. 1997. 92 pp.

Pub 138 Is There a Struggle for Power in Your Home?
This leaflet covers electrical safety and convenience in the home and includes a self-assessment section to see how your installation measures up. 1996. 2pp.

Pub 140 Electrical Convenience in New Build Homes Survey Report (Builders)
This survey reveals the need for extra sockets to be installed at the time of build to fulfil the requirements of today's homeowners. 2000. 8pp.

Pub 141 Electrical Convenience in New Build Homes Survey Report (Contractors)
Traditionally, most domestic rewiring work has been in older homes, but this recent survey suggests that there is a large, additional untapped market in new and nearly new housing developments. 2000. 8pp.

Pub 142 Section 607 in Residential Installations
With the growth in popularity of computers and other electronic equipment in the home, it is reasonable to expect that every domestic ring circuit will have more than 10mA of leakage current either now or in the near future. This leaflet details the design solutions necessary to ensure safe, 607 compliant installations. 2000. 6pp

Pub 144 Harmonics, Transformers and K-Factors
Transformers used to supply IT equipment and other non-linear loads need to be de-rated to between 60 and 80% of their nominal capacity. This technical note explains why, and how to determine the correct factor. 2000. 6pp. (Out of print).

Pub 145 Harmonics in Practice
Over recent years, harmonics have become a serious problem in many industrial and commercial installations. Solving these problems requires careful analysis of the causes and a good understanding of the sources and behaviour of harmonics in the installation. The aim of this technical note is to illustrate how practice matches theory by reference to examples of real measurements. 2000. 6pp. (Out of print).

Pub 172 European Motor Challenge Brochure
Brochure outlining the European Commission scheme to reduce energy consumption in motor driven systems. 2002. 24pp.

Pub 173 Electric Motor Efficiency
Brochure explaining the new EU/CEMEP motor efficiency classification system to help OEMs and motor end users reduce their electricity consumption through the replacement of standard motors with improved or high efficiency motors. 2003. 2pp.

Pub 176 Energy Efficient Motor Drive Systems
A report showing that industry in the enlarged European Union could save more than 200 billion kWh and reduce C0₂ emissions by 100 million tonnes a year through the adoption of energy efficient motor driven systems. 2004. 32pp.

D10 Energy Efficient Power Cable Selection (Datadisk)
This program calculates cable size taking account of type of cable, installation method, circuit length, overload protection, ambient temperature and circuit grouping. Results are presented for the minimum size (i.e. BS 7671) and for each incremental size up to the most economic size (i.e. IEC 1059). For each size, the overall lifetime cost and the payback period are calculated. The economic calculations take account of load growth, discount rate and increases in energy costs. Cable and installation costs can be modified by the user to suit local conditions. 1998.

D11 Busbar Design Software (Datadisk)
This program, based on the formulae found in CDA publication 22, Copper for Busbars, calculates the current rating, size and working temperature of common configurations of copper busbars. The minimum size and the savings and payback periods that accrue from the use of larger sizes, up to the most economic, are calculated. The economic calculations take account of copper price, fabrication cost, load growth, discount rate and increases in energy costs. 1998.

D12 K-Factor Calculation Software (Datadisk)
This software calculates the K-Factor of a load from the harmonic content according to US and European practice. The results can be used to select transformers or to determine suitable de-rating factors for transformers. The software requires Windows 95 or higher or NT version 4.0 or higher.

Health and Environment

Bk 2 Copper in Farming
By A V Coombs, McKechnie Chemicals Limited, 1971. 15pp.

Pub 11 Uses of Copper Compounds
Industrial and agricultural uses of copper sulphate and other copper compounds. 1972. 24pp. (Out of print).

TN 34 Copper and Human Health
A review of the vital role of copper in human health and of the association between copper deficiency and a number of diseases. 1984. 18pp. (Out of print).

TN 35 Copper in Plant, Animal and Human Nutrition
Information is given on the occurrence of copper deficiency in both animals and crops. Details of the symptoms caused in crops and livestock by copper deficiency are given to assist in the recognition of deficiencies and information is provided on diagnostic procedures which should be used where problems are suspected. 1988. 109pp

Pub 96 Copper in Human Health
Describes the importance of copper in the human diet. 1992. 2pp

Pub 101 Recycling of Copper
A brief account of the recycling of copper and copper alloys. 1994. 8pp.

Pub 104 Copper-Beryllium Health and Safety Notes
Guidance notes for users of copper beryllium products. 1994. 2pp.

Pub 178 Copper Sustains Life
General information sheet on the role of copper in health. 2004. 2pp.

Pub 183 The Impact of Copper on Human Health
Review paper exploring the impact of copper on human health (with scientific references). International Copper Association. 2005. 16pp.

Copper Deficiency is a Global Problem
A one-page document on copper deficiency in the Public Service Series of International Copper Association, Ltd.

Copper, Iron and Zinc - An Essential Trio for Health
Fact sheet on copper, iron and zinc in the Public Service Series of International Copper Association, November 2009, 2pp.

Copper, Bioavailability and the Environment
Fact sheet in the Public Service Series of International Copper Association. 2009. 2pp.

Design and Manufacture

Pub 41 Clear Protective Coatings for Copper and Copper Alloys
Detailed description of the range of coatings available with application methods and recommendations for use. 1991. 24pp.

Pub 42 Copper and Copper Alloy Castings
Discusses the various applications of all copper casting alloys commonly available in Europe with recommendations as to the choice of alloy. Casting processes are described and product design considerations which apply to castings are considered. 1991. 62pp.

Pub 44 Machining Brass, Copper and Copper Alloys
Detailed advice on machining techniques. Guide to choice of speeds and feeds. Comprehensive list of British and European alloys with details of machinability. Advice on the selection of cutting fluids. 1992. 84pp.

Pub 45 Copper Alloy Bearings
Covers the British and European alloys which are suitable for bearing applications, giving advice on their selection and use. 1992. 44pp.

Pub 97 Design for Production
Describes the production processes used to produce components from coppers and copper alloys listing the advantages of each. An invaluable reference book for design engineers. 1994. 90pp.

Pub 98 Joining of Copper and Copper Alloys
Suitability of the many methods now available for the jointing of copper and copper alloys with details of filler materials and recommendations for good joining practice. 1994. 64pp.

Pub 103 Hot Stampings in Copper Alloys
A description of the hot stamping process with advice on design and detailed data on the most commonly used alloys. 1994. 20pp.

D3 Copper Alloy Castings. Design and Applications (Datadisk)
This disk contains information about all the major casting processes and describes the parameters that help selection of a process suitable for a given application. It also contains the compositions and properties of all the coppers and copper alloys commonly cast in Europe that will be included in the CEN standards that will replace the existing BS1400. Information can be sourced through: applications of coppers and copper alloys; selection of casting process; alloy selection; designing for casting. 1992.

D4 Designing for Production (Datadisk)
This disk includes much information not easily available elsewhere that will enable designers to select the process by which components can be made. It covers all the common hot and cold fabrication processes and casting techniques., describing the basic advantages and disadvantages of each. The main menu offers three options: selecting a method; description of techniques; examples of how things are made. Each section is self contained but cross-referenced to give the easiest access to the most useful information. 1993.

Copper Tube in Domestic and Commercial Building

Pub 14 Copper Alloys in Refrigeration
Gives information on heat exchanger forms and requirements, suitable alloys and compatible refrigerants. 1972. 20pp. (Out of print.)

Pub 33 Copper Tube in Domestic Water Services - Design & Installation
Information on the design and installation of copper domestic water services. Includes pipework jointing, tube bending, DZR brass. 2000. 36pp. (Out of print.)

TN 39 Copper in Domestic Heating Systems
Details the range of components used in domestic space heating and hot water systems. Guidance is given on correct design and installation procedures. 1988. 32pp.

Pub 51 Unvented Hot Water Storage Systems
Unvented domestic hot water systems utilise regulated cold water supplied directly from the mains. Included with the cylinder is a package of safety devices and controls to regulate temperature and pressures within the system. This type of system can provide flow rates in excess of 25 litres/min thus meeting BS6700 specification for design flow rates of 18 litres/min whilst retaining the facility for simultaneous draw-off from other hot water outlets. 1990. 8pp.

Pub 88 Copper Tube in Buildings
Information on the installation of copper pipework systems in buildings and information on compatibility of copper with various construction materials and chemicals. 2000. 19pp.

Pub 124 Copper for Domestic Natural Gas Installations
This design and installation guide gives information on materials, components, pipe sizing, jointing, safety, electrical bonding, testing and purging. 1997. 30pp.

Pub 149 Large Diameter Copper Tubes for Industrial and Commercial Heating Applications
The aim of this publication is to create awareness amongst architects, designers and specifiers of the uses of copper and copper alloys in commercial and industrial heating systems using tube sizes of 28mm to 159mm outside diameter. System components, pipework jointing, tube bending and corrosion resistance are all covered. 2001. 15pp.

Pub 150 Copper Tubes in Domestic Heating Systems
This publication examines the most effective way to select the right sized tube diameters, advising on the key stages of building a heating system, such as assessing flow rates, flow resistance and pump performance. Includes tables to assess the length of copper tube needed for a variety of fitting types and to calculate the resistance flow per unit length of tube. 2001. 8pp. (Out of print.)

Pub 801 Flame-Free Systems - the Modern Solution
This leaflet promotes the benefits of copper flame-free jointing to installers. The innovative press fittings and push-fit fittings offer industry professionals the high level of quality and reliability typical of copper products but with the added benefit of quick and easy usability, which will ultimately enhance business performance. 2001. (Out of print).

Pub 802 Self-Build
This leaflet informs installers of the business opportunity provided by the self-build market and lists the benefits that copper plumbing and heating installations offer to the self-builder. 2001. (Out of print).

Pub 803 Make the Right Start CD
Developed for trainees in conjunction with Oldham College, this CD is fully interactive. It includes video clips, exercises and work sheets developed to introduce the necessary skills to measure, cut, bend, joint and install copper tube and fittings to a high standard. Reference materials covering pipe work bending and installation methods and a series of technical articles covering basic plumbing skills are included. 2003.

Pub 804 Make the Next Step
A distance learning package designed for those installers with experience of domestic type work who wish to further their skills to include industrial and commercial building services work. (Out of print.)

Pub 805 Comparison of Copper and Steel Pipework Costs for Non-Domestic Installations
Independent research commissioned by the UK Copper Board into the installation costs of non-domestic plumbing and heating systems, has found that copper can give a saving of 27% compared to steel. The results support a similar study completed in 2002, which also found copper to be the more competitive material. 2007. 4pp. (out of print.)

Pub 806 Domestic Heating Systems Video
Video produced by University of West England showing domestic heating systems including installation of copper pipework systems.

Pub 807 Installation Tips
A collection of practical articles on subjects of interest to plumbing installers and students. Topics covered include tube bending, soldering, pipe sizing, installations for gas, water, vacuum, medical gases, refrigeration and solar hot water systems.

Pub 808 Copper, The Modern Solution
This technical brochure describes copper fitting development and covers flame-free systems using press fittings and push-fit fittings. 2000. 8pp.

Pub 813 Copper is Still the Professionals' Choice
Leaflet giving the results of research into attitudes of professional installers towards plumbing materials. 2003. 1pp. (Out of print.)

Pub 826 Copper Pipework Services in Modern Buildings - A Specifier's Guide
This publication, aimed at material specifiers, details the many reasons why copper is the number one material for pipework services. In addition to the information on copper tube and fittings, there is environmental information on copper, its sustainability and recyclability.

Pub 827 Copper Solar Thermal Systems
The UK Copper Board’s new publication outlines the methodology for the design and installation of copper solar thermal systems. The publication includes an introduction to the concept of the solar thermal system, the types of solar collectors available, the major components in a typical solar thermal system, how to install copper pipework and the sizing of the installation, the collectors and storage cylinders. With the possibility of the working fluid reaching temperatures in excess of 200^o C copper is the ideal pipework material. The usual copper tube sizes are used, so it is easy to connect the pipework in to the hot water system. The same copper tube that is used for hot and cold water and central heating can be used for solar thermal systems.

CD7 Solar Thermal Systems
This CD provides information for engineers, installers and project managers on the design and installation of copper solar thermal systems for domestic hot water and space heating. It covers components, installation, applications, design, operation and maintenance. Information is presented in PowerPoint format. 2008.

Wallcharts on Bending Copper Tube - By Machine
Following on from the great success of the first set of copper wallcharts, the UK Copper Board has now produced a second set, focussed on the art of tube bending. Keeping it simple, the wallcharts cover how to pull simple 90 degree bends, second bends and off-sets by using machine benders. Further copies can be requested by contacting us at copperboard@copperdev.co.uk. A pdf version of the wallcharts can be downloaded here for use as handouts.

Copper Tube in Residential Fire Sprinkler Systems

Pub 125 Copper Fire Sprinkler Systems for Residential and Domestic Properties
This design and installation book gives information on water supplies, systems components and materials, hydraulic calculations, pipework installation, system commissioning, maintenance and documentation. 1997. 24pp.

Pub 147 Copper Residential Sprinkler Systems for Life Safety and Property Protection
This leaflet describes the sprinkler protection installed in 212 properties at Studley Green, a £10 million project to redevelop the pre-cast reinforced concrete former Council properties on the Studley Green estate. 2001. 4pp.