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Copper and Copper Alloys

Beryllium Copper

Properties

In the fully heat treated and cold worked condition beryllium copper is the hardest (HV 100-420) and strongest (tensile strength 410-1400 N/mm² ) of any copper alloy. It is similar in mechanical properties to many high strength alloy steels but, compared to steels, it has better corrosion resistance (approximately equivalent to nickel silvers - see Pub 71 and Pub 117), higher electrical conductivity (16-65% IACS) and higher thermal conductivity (210W/m^oC ). It is also non-sparking and non-magnetic.

Applications

Beryllium copper has long been used for non-sparking tools in the mining, gas and petrochemical industries. Because of the excellent fatigue resistance, beryllium copper is widely used for springs, pressure responsive diaphragms, flexible bellows, connectors, contacts and relays, which are all subject to cyclic loading. The anti galling, strength and good corrosion resistance led to the widespread use of beryllium copper for downhole drilling tools for the oil and gas industry.
Miniaturisation
Smaller component size has become the main design criterion in the telecommunications and computer electronics markets. Corporations are constantly looking for ways to reduce the size and weight of their products such as mobile phones and computers without sacrificing performance. The unique combination of strength, electrical and thermal conductivity of beryllium copper make it an ideal choice for miniaturised components in the above applications.
Forms
The main product forms for beryllium copper are sheet, strip, wire, rod, tube and forgings. Castings are also available.
Cost
Beryllium copper is expensive so it should only be used where its unique combination of properties can be fully exploited. It may well be that an initially expensive material in the end turns out to be the cheapest option.
Health and Safety
The inhalation of beryllium in a finely divided form can cause a serious lung condition in some individuals. Precautions must therefore be taken in melting, casting, machining and welding. However, in service, beryllium copper is perfectly safe to handle and use.

Publications and Software

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Pub 54 Beryllium Copper
This booklet focuses on the properties, applications and practical manipulation of copper beryllium and covers precipitation hardening, to which beryllium copper owes its high strength and hardness. 1996. 49pp.

Pub 104 Copper-Beryllium Health and Safety Notes
Guidance notes for users of copper beryllium products. 1994. 2pp.

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